This collection, with more than 1,000 items, shows the evolution of artillery and portable weapons, both bladed and fire weapons, in their different long and short, civil and military versions.

Artillery pieces range from bombards, falconets and boarding muskets used in the 14th century to torpedoes used in the 20th century. It also includes defensive weapons such as a late 16th-century round shield, probably of Italian origin, a 17th-century helmet of Indo-Persian origin, and a 17th-century Italian morion.

In the section of bladed weapons, the most outstanding items are the blessed sword granted to John of Austria by Pope Pius V in 1568 after the battle of Lepanto, one of the most emblematic pieces in the Naval Museum, and the collection from the Ducal House of Infantado, showing the variety and evolution of this type of weaponry in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.

As regards firearms, the outstanding pairs of pistols made in Versailles by Napoleon's gunsmith, Nicolas Boutet, considered one of the most important European gunsmiths of his time, 17th-century German "jaeger" hunting harquebuses, 19th-century German, Austrian or Danish rifles, and rifles and submachine guns from the mid-20th century.